An antenna system that focuses its beam on a desired signal to reduce interference. A wireless network employs smart antennas at its base stations in an effort to reduce the number of dropped calls, improve call quality and improve channel capacity. (Cingular)
Smart Antenna refers to a system of antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms that are used to identify the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal, and use it to calculate beamforming vectors, to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target. The antenna could optionally be any sensor.
Smart antenna techniques are used notably in acoustic signal processing, track and scan RADAR, Radio astronomy and Radio telescopes Radio Telescopes, and mostly in cellular systems like W-CDMA and UMTS.
Smart antennas have two main functions
1. DOA estimation
2. Beamforming
DOA estimation
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